2013-14 8-C.5

May 8, 2014 - LAST CLASS
91 minutes

Online game to end hunger 
Internet Moment:  Students had a chance to explore FreeRice.com today.  This website, created by John Breen who also created Poverty.com, gives students and others a chance to practice their vocabulary skills while helping to support the United Nations World Food Programme.  After having time to use the site students were asked to prove whether or not this website was bogus or real.  After doing some research we learned that though it is a legitimate website (according to snopes.com) another website called the Daily Cow claimed that FreeRice.com does not donate exactly 10 grains of rice for every correct answer.  We then looked at a website about the 1993 Velcro Crop Failure in California.  This bogus website and others like it (DHMO Awareness, Bureau of Sasquatch Affairs, Tree Octopus) serve as a good reminder to students that they have to be very skeptical of what they find online and to always independently verify the facts themselves.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.I, 15.4.8.A, 15.6.8.L)

Computer Vocabulary Quiz:  After our break today students had an opportunity to study Computer Vocabulary Lists 1 & 2 before taking the online quizzes.  These quizzes give many of our students credit for the computer knowledge that they already know.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoyBfQSqcK4
Office Yoga Break:
  Today we practiced a simple yoga stretch for your wrist.  Students are always reminded to not spend too much time sitting in front of computers and that they should take breaks every 30-40 minutes.  After the stretch everyone had a chance to get up and move around the room. 

Make-up Time:  Since this is our last class all students have time to make up any work they may have missed.  All projects were handed back and students could submit anything they missed or re-submit a project that they hadn't finished for full credit.  Many students in this class needed to finish or re-submit projects and everyone had time for that today.

Closure to Computer Class:  Students were reminded that computers are constantly changing and that they have to learn to adjust to new programs, new hardware and new ways of using technology all the time.  We are all constantly learning to adapt to new technology.   Students were also reminded that this was their only required computer class here at Council Rock and that should they wish to learn more about computer technology they should look carefully at the High School Program Planning Guide for the many elective classes that incorporate computer skills.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.6.8.M, 15.2.8.E)

Technology Current Event Video:  For our last current event this year we watched a TED Presentation by Gary Kovacs, the CEO of Mozilla, about how internet users are tracked.  He demonstrated how many companies were following him and his daughter when they were online during a typical day.  During the presentation he demonstrated how a free download for Firefox called Collusion can be used to find out who is tracking you online.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.4.8.A, 15.5.8.J, 15.9.8.L, 15.9.8.M)








May 6, 2013
91 minutes

Internet Moment:
  Today we discussed what a wiki is and visited the largest wiki in the internet: Wikipedia.  Students were shown how easily a wikipedia article can be edited and we discussed some of the reason it can't be used in academic work.  However, students were shown what parts of a Wikipedia article they could use to help them when they are doing research for school projects (the links to resources at the bottom).  We also looked at an edited version of Wikipedia that is intended to be used by students.  The Wikipedia Selection for Schools which was created by the SOS Children's Villages which is a not for profit group in the United Kingdom.  Since the Wikipedia Selection for Schools does not have a search engine we discussed what a card catalog was and students used the subject index and title word index to search the encyclopedia.

Finish First Aid Posters:  All students had time today to finish this project and print a rough draft in black and white.  Each student had a chance to review their rough draft with the teacher before printing their final draft in full color.  Click here to enlarge the project description.  Almost everyone finished today.  (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.3.8.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.8.E, 15.3.8.H, 15.3.8.S, 15.3.8.X, 15.4.8.B)

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a TED Presentation by Peter Norvig of Stanford University about using internet technology to teach thousands of students online.








May 2, 2014
91 minutes

Internet Moment:  Students were shown GeoGuessr.com today and allowed to spend 5 minutes playing the game at the beginning class.   The highest score in our class today was just over 9,700.

Start First Aid Posters
:  This is the final 8th grade project in MS Publisher.  Students are to use all the skills they have learned in Publisher to create a series of three first aid posters that share a graphical theme that they created.  Information and pictures can be used from the internet but all resources must be correctly cited on each poster using the correct MLA Works Cited Format. Students were reminded to use NoodleTools.com or a free online citation tool like CiteFast.com to make the works cited
.  This is a cross-curricular project so students may submit their finished first aid posters to their Health Teachers for extra credit.  Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.3.8.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.8.E, 15.3.8.H, 15.3.8.S, 15.3.8.X, 15.4.8.B)

Office Yoga Break:  Students are always reminded to not spend too much time sitting in front of computers.  Breaks should be taken at least every 30-40 minutes.  For our break today we practiced a simple yoga stretch for your ankles and then everyone had a chance to get up and move around the room some.  Students were also encouraged to share their work and ideas with each other during this gallery walk activity.

Google Earth Tour Quiz:  As a follow-up to our previous tour on Google Earth students were challenged to list everywhere they had gone and what they had seen on their tour of the 3 dimensional visual imagery in Google Earth last class.  This activity helped to demonstrate the effectiveness of using 3D spatial references, such as the virtual environment of Google Earth, to augment memory.    QUIZ:  Where I went on Google Earth Today  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.4.8.A, 15.6.8.M)

Technology Current Event Video:  As a follow up to the online collaboration activity we did last class we watched this tutorial by Anson Alexander, of ansonalex.com, about how to collaborate online using Google Drive at home.  Students were encouraged to watch the rest of the tutorial at home.









April 30, 2014
69 minutes*

Internet Moment:
  Today we explored Google Earth and discussed how a 3 dimensional virtual environment can be used to augment human memory.  We started by discussing what spatial memory is and how it is used to make modern video games so engaging.   Students were then introduced to the memory palace or method of loci as an effective way to use 3 dimensional visual imagery to help a person remember large amounts of information.  We then went to Google Earth and began a tour of the earth, the sky, Mars and the moon.  The whole class followed a specific list of locations.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.4.8.A, 15.6.8.M)

Google Earth Tour Quiz:  Next class, as a follow-up to our Google Earth activity, all students will take a quiz to see how much of the virtual tour they remember.

Online Collaboration Project
: 
Each student used a blank Google  Drawing that was provided by the teacher to make a Venn Diagram of their favorite foods.  Their partner for this project was another student in our classroom but it was explained to the class that their partner could be from anywhere in the world. You can view the example that was used explain the project here.  This project was an example of what online collaboration might look and feel like in the future.  Unfortunately many students were unable to use the technology appropriately.  Before we ran out of time all students printed and submitted their finished Venn Diagrams.  Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.3.8.M, 15.3.8.S, 15.3.8.T, 15.3.8.U, 15.3.12.W, 15.3.8.X, 15.4.8.D, 15.4.8.F)

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a short video from "Stuff to Blow Your Mind" about Constructing a Memory Palace.


* Class time was shorter today due to the PSSA testing schedule






April 28, 2014

44 minutes

Internet Moment:  Today our students were introduced to the "joy of statistics" by viewing GapMinder.org which is a free online resource where statistics from all around the  world are presented in an easy to understand visual format.  We looked at the "Wealth & Health of Nations" chart.  As a demonstration of how the website works we tracked the life expectancy and income changes in the USA and Japan over the last 200 years.   We also 
http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/FullPageAd.JPG
looked at how 
8th grade math scores had changing in Japan, Canada and the  
United States.  Students then had time to explore the website on their own. (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.4.8.A, 15.6.8.M, 15.7.8.A, 15.7.8.F, 15.7.8.H, 15.7.8.L)

Finish Full Page Ad Project:  All students had time to finish their full page ad project in class today.  
Click here to enlarge the project description.   (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.D, 15.4.8.G, 15.9.8.A)

GE Spring Break Video:  Since everyone was finished a little earlier today we watched a couple of the "Spring Break" videos that were created by some engineers at the GE Corporation like this one.

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a video from the BBC in which Hans Rosling describes how Gapminder.org can be used to identify trends and misconceptions by looking at the data.








April 24, 2014

91 minutes

Internet Moment:
  Today students had an opportunity to play a financial education game from Visa called:  Financial Football.  Students had 5 minutes to play the game which involved answering multiple choice questions that tested their financial literacy.  We then discussed any terms that confused them.  Students were also reminded that they can go back to PracticalMoneySkills.com on their own.  

Full Page Ad Project:  All students had time to work on their full page ad project today. Student had an opportunity to print a rough draft on scrap paper that they could review with the teacher.  Final drafts were printed in full color and turned in today.  Most students finished this project today. Click here 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MimnG9tsuk
to enlarge the project description.   (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.D, 15.4.8.G, 15.9.8.A)

Office Yoga Break:  
Students are always reminded to not spend too much time sitting in front of computers.  Breaks should be taken at least every 30-40 minutes.  For our break today we practiced a simple yoga stretch for your neck and then everyone had a chance to get up and move around the room some.

Technology Current Event Video:  After finishing the full page ad project we watched an 11 minute whiteboard video about the universal principles of persuasion to introduce students to some basic marketing concepts. (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.9.8.A, 15.9.8.E)









April 22, 2014

104 minutes

Internet Moment: Today we looked at three online resources that students could use to find free ebooks and MP3 recordings of books. We started with the Gutenberg Project (Gutenberg.org) which offers free access to 42,000 ebooks and over 100,000 additional free ebooks from other resources. We then looked at Lit2Go (etc.usf.edu/lit2go) which is a free online collection of audiobooks in MP3 format that is available from the University of South Florida.  Finally we visited Google Books (books.google.com) and discussed how to access and search the text of the free ebooks available there.  We also discussed copyright laws and how these books came to be available online or in the public domain. (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.1.5.B, 15.2.5.L, 15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.B)

Brochure Project:  Students had time to finish the copyright brochure project in MS Publisher today.   Students were also shown how to print on both sides of a sheet of paper and how to trifold a brochure.  Each student then had an opportunity to review a rough draft of their project with the teacher.  Not everyone turned in this project today.  There will be time to print this project out next class.  Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.1.5.B, 15.3.5.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.5.D, 15.3.8.D, 15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.G, 15.3.8.U, 15.6.8.L)

Check Grades:  Since we are at the halfway point in this class students were asked to log into the Home Access Center and check their computer class grades.  Students were also reminded that if they could not log in their parents had to go to the Newtown Middle School website and follow the directions at the bottom of the webpage to create a student account. 

Full page Ad Project
:  Today students started a classic graphic design project to help them continue to develop their own sense of design and their skills in MS Publisher.  Each student selected a full page, full color magazine advertisement to recreate in MS Publisher.  The student version of the ad must advertise something different than the original but it should look very similar to the original.  Students were also shown how to copy and paste images into either MS Word or PowerPoint and use that program to remove the background in a picture.  Click here to enlarge the project description.   (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.A, 15.3.8.B, 15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.D, 15.4.8.G, 15.9.8.A)

Technology Current Event Video:   We watched part of a TED Presentation by John Maeda, the President of the Rhode Island School of Design.  In the video he talked about how he became a graphic designer and how he used technology.  He also did a presentation about content & form that demonstrated the use different of different fonts to convey meaning. Students were encouraged to watched the rest of the video on their own.  (PA BCIT Standard: 15.4.8.A, 15.8.8.K, 15.9.8.A)






April 15, 2014
91 minutes

Internet Moment:  Today all students had a chance to visit www.SOS.FBI.gov and try the online learning activities for 8th graders. This is part of a monthly competition that is run by the FBI and the intent of the online activities is to help students develop safe internet habits.  After having 10 minutes to try the online activities our students took the exam. The average score for this class was 93% on the exam.  (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.6.8.M, 15.4.8.B, 15.4.8.A)

http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/Brochure.JPG
Start Publisher Brochure Project
:  Students take an existing brochure about copyright laws and recreate it in Publisher 2010 using a template as a starting point. The original brochure they were given was about copyright laws and what students should know about them.  As part of this project students were shown how to use Google Images to find free images that they could even use for commercial purposes.   Students also practiced their typing by re-typing the text of the original brochure.   Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards: 15.9.5.L, 15.3.8.E, 15.3.5.H, 15.4.5.K, 15.4.8.B, 15.3.8.U)

Office Yoga Break:
  Students are always reminded to not spend too much time in front of computers and to take breaks every 30-40 minutes.  Today we practiced a simple yoga stretch that helps prevent carpal tunnel syndrome.  Before the stretch the causes and symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome were explained to the class. After the stretch all students had an opportunity to take a short break and move around.  (PA-BCIT Standard:  15.4.5.D,)

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a short video from 
SafeInternetBanking.be about an amazing mind reader and how he knows so much about his clients.








April 11, 2014
44 minutes

Internet Moment:  Today we explored NewsMap.jp which is a graphical interpretation of the top news stories on Google News that was created by Marcos Weskamp, a self described software architect.  He is was also part of the team that founded Flipboard which seeks to bring the design experience of magazines to web and tablet technology.  Students had a chance to explore Mr. Weskamp's website and learn a little about how software engineers work with design and computer coding. (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.2.5.B, 15.2.5.C, 15.2.8.E)
  
http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/BasicHTML.JPG
Started Basic HTML
:  Students learned about computer coding by creating a website in basic HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). 
Students typed the HTML into Wordpad to create a simple webpage.  We then made adjustments to this page that included adding a background color.  Next class we will change the font color, font style, insert images and add a hyperlink.  Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.S, 15.4.8.H)

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a short video from How Stuff Works about Tim Berners-Lee and the invention of the World Wide Web.








April 9, 2014
76 minutes*

Internet Moment:  Today we looked at two online resources for fonts. DaFont.com offers over 20,000 fonts that are either freeware, shareware, demo versions or in the public domain.  These fonts can be downloaded and installed but students were also shown how they can use the Snipping Tool to get images of the fonts they might like.  Students were also shown how they could make their own font using a website like YourFonts.com.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.6.5.M, 15.4.5.A)

Online Survey About Globalization:
  We had problems taking the survey on April 3rd so we tried again today and it worked for everyone.  You can access the actual survey here.  Results from the online survey can be viewed here.  
(PA BCIT Standards:  15.3.5.S, 15.4.5.A, 15.4.5.B, 15.3.5.T)

http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/FontGuide.JPG
Finish Font Guide Project:
  All students had time today to finish the font guide project. Students were shown how to change the line spacing and print the final draft using a different network printer.  
Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.G, 15.4.2.K, 15.3.8.X) 

Hour of Code:
  Today our class participated in the Hour of Code. We started by going to the Favorite Links webpage that we had previously made in Word and viewing the source code.  Students were told that this code, a mixture of HTML and JavaScript, was the list of specific instructions that tell your web browser how to display the webpage. When students saved their Word document as a "single file webpage" Microsoft Word wrote this code for them.  We then watched the tutorial video below to introduce the online coding activity.  Students then went to the online Blockly Maze Tutorial to write JavaScript.  

Introduction to Scratch:
  After all students had time to complete the 
Blockly Maze Tutorial the class was shown Scratch which is a free online code editor that was developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.  Students who enjoyed using Blockly, were told that Scratch would be the next step for them to try.  All students had about 10 minutes to experiment with Scratch and to view some featured student projects.

Technology Current Event Video:  We finished class today with a video from code.org about what most schools don't teach - computer coding.  This video featured many famous and not so famous people talking about how they learned to code.


* Class time was shorter today due to a fire drill





April 7, 2014
104 minutes

Internet Moment:  We looked at zoom.it today which is a free screen zooming service that is owned by Microsoft.  Students were then shown two other online examples of the   
screen zooming technology:  The NMS Mosaic Project and the Deep Zoom image of Yosemite National Park.  Students had time to explore these websites.

http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/PublisherLogo.JPG
Publisher Logo Project
:  We started with an introduction to MS Publisher 2010 today.  Publisher was described as a graphic design program which is used to express your ideas visually.  The field of graphic design was also explained.  Students were reminded that learning basic graphic design skills will help them to communicate their ideas effectively.  Students then became familiar with Publisher 2010 by making a simple logo.  We saved this project and shared them with the class. Click here to enlarge the project description.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.S, 15.4.5.G, 15.6.5.M, 15.3.8.X, 15.9.8.A, 15.9.5.L)

Font Presentation:  In this presentation the development of the two basic font families (serif & sans serif) as well as the best uses for each of them was covered. Students were also shown how they read primarily through identifying sight words and why it's so hard to spell and grammar check your own work.

http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/FontGuide.JPG
Start Publisher Font Guide Project
:  After a presentation about the origins of fonts, the two main categories for fonts 
(
serif & san serif) and the best uses for each category, students proceeded to make a Font Guide in MS Publisher.  The final student project should look just like the original.  We also discussed the concept of WYSIWYG in graphic design on computers. Click here to enlarge the project description.  Almost everyone finished this project in class today.  (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.4.8.G, 15.4.2.K, 15.3.8.X) 

Break:  Students are always reminded to not spend too much time sitting in front of computers.  Breaks should be taken every 30-40 minutes.  For our break today we did a gallery walk to share project ideas.  We then practiced a simple yoga stretch for your shoulder.

Font Conference Video:  As a follow-up to the Font Presentation we watched a short video from College Humor about a fictitious "Font Conference":









April 3, 2014
94 minutes

Class Blog:  Students were shown TodayInComputerClass.com and told that they can check here anytime to review what work was done in class.  We also discussed what a web log or blog was and that will be the blog or web log for our class. Students were also told that their parents will be sent an email with a link to this website so they can also review what we are doing in computer class each day.

http://www.todayincomputerclass.com/8th/FavoriteLinks.JPG
Favorite Links Project: 
 Students started this project today.  Each student made a simple  single file webpage in Word.  They are used a table to layout 6 favorite websites with words and pictures as hyperlinks to their favorite websites sites.  As part of this project we talked about using and formatting tables and websites that were "appropriate" for school. Everyone had time to finish this project today. Click here to enlarge the project description.   (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.4.5.G)

Typing Test:  All students took a typing test using TypingTest.com.  Each student had 10 minutes to take the 1 minute test multiple times.  Their best adjusted speed was recorded and graphed in an Excel spreadsheet.  The average typing speed for this class was: 37.3 WPM  Click here for more information about typing speeds at Newtown Middle School. We also discussed this graph:


Online Typing Activities:  As a follow up to the typing test we looked at the typing speeds for the whole 8th grade in Excel and looked at graphs of past speeds for Newtown Middle School students.  Students were then given some time to find at least 3 online typing activities (tutorials or games) that they enjoyed.  They were to then add these typing activities to their favorites or bookmarks list so they could go back and practice their typing skills in class when they finished their projects.  (PA-BCIT Standard: 15.6.2.L)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKnHiGGf_mE
Office Yoga & a Break:
  Students are always reminded to not spend more that 30-40 minutes at a computer without taking a break.  During today's long class class we took a break and everyone had an opportunity to get up and move around.  This also gave everyone an opportunity to view each others projects and share ideas.  As part of our break today we also practiced a simple yoga stretch for your thigh.

Internet Moment:
  On March 26th our students had participated in an online survey about racism that had been prepared by some 9th grade students at the Vonsild Skole in Kolding, Denmark as part of a research project.  In class today we viewed their finished project as a Word document in Danish.  We then copied the text and pasted it into Google Translate so we could read their research paper in English and find the results of their survey.  Two schools in the United States participated in the survey and from the paper we learned that: "Most of them [students surveyed] believe that racism still exist..." and "96% of respondents do not think that it is OK to be racist..."  (PA BCIT Standards:  15.3.5.S, 15.4.5.A, 15.4.5.B, 15.3.5.T)

http://www.virtualclassroom.org/
Online Survey About Globalization:
  We discussed some examples of global businesses that our students might be familiar with and then took an online survey.  The survey is part of an international research project among Australian, Greek and American students for the Global Virtual Classroom.  Unfortunately the survey was not working today.  


Technology Current Event Video:  We watched a TED presentation by Keller Rinaudo about a smart phone powered mini robot and some of the things it could do. (PA BCIT Standards:  15.4.5.A, 15.4.8.A)









April 1, 2014
0 minutes*

*Class time was cancelled today due to the PSSA testing.






March 28, 2014
104 minutes

Internet Moment:  
Students were asked to compare three popular news aggregator websites:  Google News, Bing News and Yahoo.  We looked at their home pages, their features and their overall appearance.  All of the students said they preferred Google News when looking for current events online.  (PA BCIT Standards:  15.3.8.E, 15.6.5.L)

Basic Computer Knowledge Presentation:  Today students were shown a presentation based on the student computer knowledge survey that they had taken.  This introductory lecture covers basic background information that every student should know about computers such as the development of desktop computers (Apple, IBM & Microsoft), different computer operating systems, internet connection options, developing computer devices (like smart phones and tablet computers) and protecting yourself online.  We will finish the presentation next class. (PA-BCIT Standards:  15.1.5.B, 15.3.5.V, 15.3.8.T, 15.6.8.M) 

MLA Paragraph:
  All 8th grade students must demonstrate the ability to use the MLA format (which is used at Council Rock and most colleges) in MS Word 2010.  Click here to enlarge the project description.
  This project involves several skills including:  double spacing, changing fonts and sizes, changing indentation settings and accessing the header. All students had time to finish typing and print the document two-sided.  All students should be able to set-up their Word Documents in the MLA Format. (PA-B.C.I.T. Standards: 15.3.5.A, 15.3.8.A)

Technology Current Event Video:  Unfortunately we ran out of time for a video today.





March 26, 2014
44 minutes

Introduction to Basic Computer Skills Class: Basic rules and classroom procedures were explained.  Students were specifically reminded that because technology is constantly changing they should get into the habit of helping each other out and demonstrating the ability to learn new computer skills through experimentation.  All students reported that they had helped an adult with computer skills but they were reminded that it's important to also get used to helping each other.

Log On & Explore:  All students were given time to explore the start menu and the various programs available to them at school. 

Online Survey for Students in Denmark:  Our students participated in a research project about racism by four 9th grade students at the Vonsild Skole in Kolding, Denmark.  The survey only took a few minutes and it was an example of the kind of international and cross-cultural communication that is currently possible using free web tools like Google Drive.  The survey that was created by the students in Denmark can be viewed here.  (PA BCIT Standards:  15.3.5.S, 15.4.5.A, 15.4.5.B, 15.3.5.T)

Setting up Student Passwords:  All students were given some suggestions to help them develop good passwords.  Some suggested good password practices were:  Come up with a collection of passwords to rotate through instead of just one, make a pass phrase instead of a password, mix number, letters and symbols together.   Student passwords must be at least 8 characters long and fit the following parameters: 
  1. Include uppercase letters
  2. Include lowercase letters
  3. Include numbers
  4. Include punctuation and/or symbols
* Note that only 3 of the 4 options above are required.  (PA-BCIT Standard:  15.4.8.F)

Computer Class Survey:  All students take a computer class survey.  The results of this survey are used to guide the instruction for the class.  You can view the survey here: Click to enlarge.  Next class we will use the survey as the outline for a presentation about basic things everyone should know about computer technology.

Technology Current Event Video:  At then end of most computer classes we watch a current event video about emerging trends in technology.  Today's video was inspired by a presentation that was created by a high school teacher in Colorado, Mr. Karl Fisch.  Here is a link to his blog:  THE FISCHBOWL
 for more information.